Square was founded in February 2009 by Jack Dorsey and Jim McKelvey in San Francisco, California, to address the inability of small merchants to accept card payments without complex merchant acquiring contracts. The company initially developed a small, square-shaped magnetic stripe reader that connected to mobile smartphones, functioning with custom point-of-sale software. In December 2021, the parent company rebranded to Block, Inc., positioning Square as its dedicated commerce and merchant payment division as documented on Wikipedia's Block entry.
Square provides a vertically integrated payment processing platform through Squareup, where it acts as the merchant of record for its users to bypass the need for independent merchant bank accounts. For online transactions, Square provides web checkout APIs, software development kits, and digital invoicing systems that encrypt payment card data at the client level. Inbound funds are pooled, authorized through card networks, checked against proprietary fraud detection algorithms, and deposited into the business owner's linked bank account on regular clearing schedules.
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